電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)自行車(che)以其輕(qing)便、環保、經濟實(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，深受廣(guang)大用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶喜歡，近年來獲得(de)了(le)飛速(su)發展(zhan)。據有關資料計算，國內市場廣(guang)闊，發展(zhan)前景非常好。但在(zai)(zai)實(shi)際運用(yong)(yong)(yong)中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)(zu)壽(shou)數(shu)(shu)較短，行駛里(li)程下降較快，其計算平均(jun)壽(shou)數(shu)(shu)僅為一(yi)(yi)年左右，遠遠未到達其額(e)定壽(shou)數(shu)(shu)，這是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)運用(yong)(yong)(yong)中長時間存在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個大問題(ti)(ti)。現在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)四大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣部件——電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、控制器、充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)能(neng)(neng)開(kai)發和出(chu)產(chan)制造都是比較成(cheng)熟的(de)(de)(de)，因而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)(zu)壽(shou)數(shu)(shu)短成(cheng)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)運用(yong)(yong)(yong)中較突出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個問題(ti)(ti)，這不光影響(xiang)(xiang)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)運用(yong)(yong)(yong)功能(neng)(neng)，添加運用(yong)(yong)(yong)本(ben)錢，從長遠看，也在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)定程度上(shang)影響(xiang)(xiang)和制約了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)進一(yi)(yi)步的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)和運用(yong)(yong)(yong)。
現在(zai)電(dian)(dian)動自(zi)行車所用的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池一(yi)般為(wei)鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池，今(jin)后(hou)若干(gan)年(nian)內也不(bu)會有根本性的(de)(de)改變(bian)。鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)制造技(ji)能已(yi)經比較(jiao)成熟，關于(yu)在(zai)運用中存在(zai)的(de)(de)壽數(shu)短，遠(yuan)遠(yuan)低于(yu)其額定(ding)(ding)壽數(shu)的(de)(de)問題(ti)，除提(ti)示(shi)用戶留意運用妥當外(wai)，還必須(xu)從技(ji)能上加以(yi)處(chu)理。為(wei)此(ci)，咱們針對電(dian)(dian)動車運用工(gong)況各異(yi)，電(dian)(dian)池組頻(pin)頻(pin)充放電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)特色，對此(ci)問題(ti)進行具體剖析，確(que)定(ding)(ding)處(chu)理此(ci)問題(ti)的(de)(de)方向和途徑，以(yi)求盡快研究出處(chu)理這一(yi)難題(ti)的(de)(de)辦法，獲(huo)得根本性的(de)(de)技(ji)能打破，然后(hou)徹底處(chu)理這一(yi)問題(ti)。
關(guan)于(yu)電(dian)池功(gong)能的惡化致(zhi)使損(sun)壞各種(zhong)情(qing)況的剖(pou)析表明，電(dian)池發作脫(tuo)粉，失(shi)水(shui)，極板拱(gong)曲、斷裂，以(yi)致(zhi)極板短(duan)路(lu)等故障，其(qi)主要原(yuan)因(yin)都(dou)是過充(chong)過放。充(chong)電(dian)晚(wan)期，電(dian)池極化電(dian)壓增(zeng)大(da)，電(dian)解(jie)水(shui)現象發作氣泡，內(nei)部(bu)損(sun)耗增(zeng)大(da)，溫升提高(gao)，過量充(chong)電(dian)會(hui)損(sun)害電(dian)池;放電(dian)晚(wan)期，有用化學物質(zhi)反響將盡，內(nei)部(bu)微孔堵塞，電(dian)池內(nei)阻增(zeng)大(da)，此刻的過度放電(dian)也會(hui)損(sun)害電(dian)池，因(yin)而，過充(chong)過放都(dou)是應該盡量避(bi)免的。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自行車采用串(chuan)連蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)，運(yun)用時要頻頻地(di)重復進行充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)循環，因為(wei)材(cai)料和制造工藝(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)差(cha)(cha)異，在運(yun)用期間(jian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)之(zhi)間(jian)必然會發(fa)作容量(liang)(liang)和功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)差(cha)(cha)異，即電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)不均衡。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，容量(liang)(liang)較(jiao)小、功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)較(jiao)差(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)會發(fa)作過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)現象;而在放電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，容量(liang)(liang)較(jiao)小，功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)較(jiao)差(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)又(you)會發(fa)作過(guo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)現象。不斷的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)充(chong)過(guo)放使(shi)得差(cha)(cha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)容量(liang)(liang)愈(yu)(yu)來愈(yu)(yu)小，功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)愈(yu)(yu)來愈(yu)(yu)差(cha)(cha)，這種頻頻的(de)(de)(de)惡性循環進程，加快了(le)差(cha)(cha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)損(sun)壞(huai)，然后使(shi)得整(zheng)個蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)惡化，這是影(ying)響電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)運(yun)用壽數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)主要原因。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)修理(li)替換的(de)(de)(de)實踐(jian)中(zhong)，絕大多數(shu)情(qing)況下，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)損(sun)壞(huai)實際上(shang)只(zhi)要一(yi)只(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(極(ji)少數(shu)是2只(zhi))損(sun)壞(huai)，這也(ye)證明了(le)上(shang)述剖(pou)析是正確的(de)(de)(de)。
木(mu)桶理論指(zhi)出：木(mu)桶的(de)(de)較(jiao)洪(hong)流容量(liang)是由其(qi)較(jiao)低的(de)(de)一(yi)塊(kuai)木(mu)板(ban)高度決定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)。與此相(xiang)似(si)，串聯蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)的(de)(de)較(jiao)大(da)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(可用容量(liang))是由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)中(zhong)功能(neng)較(jiao)差的(de)(de)一(yi)只(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)容量(liang)決定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)，較(jiao)差一(yi)只(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)放完，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓大(da)幅度下(xia)(xia)降，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車即會中(zhong)止運(yun)行，此刻(ke)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)內好電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池中(zhong)剩下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)也無法利用，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車的(de)(de)行駛(shi)間(jian)隔縮短，這(zhe)是串聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)性質決定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)。
不(bu)論電(dian)池(chi)組在出(chu)廠時(shi)怎么進行精(jing)密(mi)配組，其在運用(yong)進程中，電(dian)池(chi)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)均(jun)衡是絕對的(de)(de)(de)(de)，是一定會發作的(de)(de)(de)(de)，因為不(bu)均(jun)衡引(yin)起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)差電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)充(chong)過(guo)放，惡性循環，加快損壞，致使使整個電(dian)池(chi)組可用(yong)容(rong)量大幅下降(jiang)是影響(xiang)電(dian)池(chi)組壽數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要原因。因而怎么從技能上處(chu)理電(dian)池(chi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)均(jun)衡問題，對電(dian)池(chi)在運用(yong)進程中進行實時(shi)在線均(jun)衡調節，到達均(jun)衡的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)，然后有用(yong)地避免過(guo)充(chong)過(guo)放，是處(chu)理電(dian)池(chi)組壽數(shu)短這一問題的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的硫(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)也(ye)(ye)是影響其(qi)(qi)壽(shou)(shou)數的因素之一，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)長時(shi)(shi)(shi)間充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)缺(que)乏，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)長時(shi)(shi)(shi)間未(wei)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車長時(shi)(shi)(shi)間不(bu)(bu)必(bi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)失水致(zhi)(zhi)使硫(liu)(liu)(liu)酸密度(du)增大，過量放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)都會使電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)發(fa)作硫(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，致(zhi)(zhi)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)有(you)用(yong)活性物質削減，內阻增大，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量下降，功(gong)能惡化(hua)(hua)(hua)，這(zhe)一般是因為(wei)運用(yong)不(bu)(bu)當(dang)所(suo)引(yin)起。因為(wei)多數電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車用(yong)戶專業知識不(bu)(bu)行，運用(yong)中(zhong)情況(kuang)各(ge)異，致(zhi)(zhi)使使電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)現象(xiang)不(bu)(bu)同程度(du)地存在(zai)(zai)，影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的運用(yong)壽(shou)(shou)數。針對(dui)這(zhe)一情況(kuang)，很(hen)多廠家(jia)出產(chan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)正(zheng)儀(yi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)正(zheng)液(ye)，對(dui)已(yi)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行過后(hou)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)和修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)正(zheng)，近年來，這(zhe)種修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)理(li)技(ji)能發(fa)展很(hen)快，乃(nai)至成為(wei)一個工業，主要的便是處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)問題(ti)。但費(fei)工費(fei)時(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)只能程度(du)不(bu)(bu)同地處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)這(zhe)一問題(ti)。根(gen)據這(zhe)一情況(kuang)，治(zhi)標不(bu)(bu)如(ru)治(zhi)本，過后(hou)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)不(bu)(bu)如(ru)事(shi)前預防(fang)，治(zhi)其(qi)(qi)未(wei)病才(cai)是上(shang)策，較好的處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)辦法是在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的整(zheng)個運用(yong)進程中(zhong)(充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)全程)，對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行在(zai)(zai)線實時(shi)(shi)(shi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)，從根(gen)本上(shang)避免硫(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)現象(xiang)的發(fa)作，即使關于(yu)特殊情況(kuang)下(如(ru)長時(shi)(shi)(shi)間不(bu)(bu)必(bi))發(fa)作的硫(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)亦(yi)具(ju)有(you)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)正(zheng)功(gong)能，這(zhe)樣就能很(hen)好地處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)硫(liu)(liu)(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)問題(ti)，同時(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)大大削減電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)理(li)工作量，下降運用(yong)本錢(qian)。
綜(zong)上(shang)所述，在實(shi)際(ji)運用(yong)中電(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)不均(jun)衡引起差電(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)過充過放，加快(kuai)損壞(huai)是電(dian)池組(zu)(zu)壽(shou)數(shu)短(duan)的(de)(de)(de)主要原因(yin)，電(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)硫化(hua)也是影響(xiang)電(dian)池組(zu)(zu)壽(shou)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)因(yin)素之(zhi)一。運用(yong)現代微(wei)電(dian)子技能、自(zi)動(dong)控制技能對電(dian)池組(zu)(zu)運用(yong)進程進行(xing)實(shi)時(shi)在線動(dong)態均(jun)衡調節(jie)，對電(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)硫化(hua)進行(xing)預防(fang)性的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)時(shi)在線活(huo)化(hua)處(chu)理，就能很好地(di)處(chu)理上(shang)述問題，然后從(cong)根本上(shang)處(chu)理電(dian)池組(zu)(zu)壽(shou)數(shu)短(duan)的(de)(de)(de)難題。